Piper sylvaticum

Piper sylvaticum is a vine from the Piperaceae family which is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries of South China, India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. It is now widely cultivated commercially throughout the tropics. The unique shape and pattern of the leaves make this species often cultivated as an ornamental plant. Piper sylvaticum is known to have many medicinal properties and has traditionally been used by natives of tropical and subtropical countries such as Bangladesh, India, and China to relieve the common cold or other chronic ailments. This species is also an important medicinal plant in the Indian Traditional Medicine System, where the roots of this species are widely used as an effective antidote to snake venom. Based on the results of several studies, it is known that Piper sylvaticum has various pharmacological activities, one of which is as an antioxidant. Apart from being an ornamental plant and medicinal plant, in the Indian subcontinent, Piper sylvaticum leaves can also be used as a vegetable.

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Piper sylvaticum can usually be found in shady areas at the bottom of the forest. This species also likes areas that are moist, well drained, fertile, rich in organic matter, and in partial shade or shade. The minimum temperature is within -5 °C.

• Roots - tap root.
• Stems - green, ribbed or segmented, there are aerial roots in each segment.
• Leaves - unifoliate, short stems, arranged alternately, green base color and there is an additional silver pattern on the part that is not affected by the leaf bone, and heart-shaped, 5 veined at the base. The area along the leaf veins is dark green.
• Flowers - white to yellow-green. The inflorescences are arranged in clusters on a 'spike' structure, there are between 50-150 individual flowers on each 'spike', the inflorescence is opposite the leaf. Male inflorescences slender, erect, growing to about 5-8 cm long, 4 stamens, short filaments, anthers reniform, 2-celled. Female flowers cylindrical about 1.5-2.5 cm long, short stems, ovary superior and round, 1-celled, 1 ovule, short pistil (style).
• Fruits - small, round drupes.
• Seeds - round, totaling 1 in each fruit.

Propagated by seeds and stem cuttings. Stem cuttings are done by cutting the stem of the plant with one or two leaves on the stem and then placing it on the planting medium. The planting medium must be kept moist and placed in a dim place until roots appear (approximately three weeks).

Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, piperine, piperlonguminine, sylvamide, sylvatesmin, sylvatine, sylvone, piperic acid, sesamin, -sitosterol, N-isobutyldeca-trans-2-trans-4-dienamide, lignans (cubebin and sea salt), sylvatin-4'-7-dimethoxy-, pipataline.

• Relieves the common cold, asthma, colds, chronic cough, hemorrhoids, rheumatic pain, headaches, wounds, bronchitis, tuberculosis, digestive disorders, dyspepsia, spleen and liver disease, chronic kidney disease, wounds in the lungs.
• As antidote to snake venom.
• Treats hepatomegaly (enlargement of the size of the liver that exceeds its normal size), pleenomegaly, laxative, carminative (prevents the formation of gas in the digestive tract or flatulence), diuretic (laxative urine).
• It has antioxidant, antidiarrheal, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anthelmintic, hepatoprotective, anticancer, and analgesic activities.